Indlela yokufuduka yeNtshona yeMeditera iquka zombini indlela yaselwandle ukusuka kuMntla Afrika ukuya eSpain kunye nohambo lomhlaba ukuya kwii-enclaves zaseMoroccan zaseCeuta naseMelilla. Akukacaci ukuba iidolophu okanye iindawo zisetyenziswa ngabafuduki abangaqhelekanga ukuba bangene kwaye bahambe ukuze bafike eYurophu.
Indlela yaseNtshona yeMeditera yayikade yeyona ixhaphakileyo phakathi kwabemi baseAlgeria nabaseMorocco abafuna ukungena kumhlaba waseSpain, nokuba bahlale okanye baqhubeke baye kwelinye ilizwe le-EU. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1990, inani elandayo labemi base-Afrika ekwi-Sub-Sahara baye basebenzisa le ndlela.
Ukuqina kweGibraltar
Abemi base-Afrika abakwi-Sub-Saharan babalelwa kwikota enye yabafuduki abafunyenwe emva kokuwela iStrait yaseGibraltar ngo-2003, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphantsi kwe-2% ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990. Ngo-2015, indlela esuka eMorocco ukuya eSpain yayingasetyenziswa kangako ngabafuduki abangaqhelekanga kunendlela esuka eLibya.
Ukusukela ngo-1999, ukujikeleza okungqongqo kwiStrait of Gibraltar kuye kwadityaniswa neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufudukela kwi-EU. Ngenxa yokuba indlela yaseNtshona yeMeditera ikhula ngokugadwa kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha, iLibya yaba yeyona ndawo iphambili yokuhamba kwabafuduki abangaqhelekanga, okubangele ukwehla kwenani labafuduki abangaqhelekanga abasebenzisa indlela. Ngenxa yokuba kwakunzima kakhulu ukungena eSpain ngo-2012, abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukufudukela eLibya kuneMorocco. Abanye bafaka izicelo zokuba ngabemi ngokusisigxina eMorocco, nto leyo eyabavumela ukuba bafumane iimpepha zokundwendwela ukuze baye eTurkey. Uninzi lwabafuduki bafudukela eGrisi emva kokufika eTurkey.
UCeuta kunye noMelilla
I-Frontex, amapolisa asemngceleni we-EU, afumanisa i-7,842 abafuduki abangaqhelekanga abazama ukuwela indlela ye-Western Mediterranean kwi-2014. Le ndlela ikuthatha ujikeleze unxweme lwaseSpain olusezantsi kunye nemida yomhlaba waseCeuta naseMelilla. Ngenxa yokuqiniswa kocingo kumda womhlaba waseSpain, inani labafuduki lirekhodwe ngokungaqhelekanga ukuwela eCeuta okanye eMelilla lincitshiswe nge-27% xa kuthelekiswa no-2013. Kwi-2014, abafuduki be-3,087 babanjwe bengena kumda welizwe laseCeuta-Melilla, xa kuthelekiswa ne-4,229 Ngo-2013. Ngaphezulu kwe-60% yazo zonke izinto ezifunyenweyo kwindlela yeNtshona yeMeditera ngo-2014 yayingabantu abafudukayo abazama ukunqumla indlela ngamanzi.
I-Cameroon ibalwa malunga ne-21% yabo bonke abafuduki abafunyenwe yi-Frontex ngexesha lokuzama ukungena e-Ceuta nase-Melilla kwi-2014. Phantse i-90% yabo bonke abafudukayo abafunyenweyo kwindlela yaseNtshona yeMeditera bashiya i-Morocco, kunye nentsalela ishiya i-Algeria. Kwi-2014, i-1,497 yaseCameroon yafunyanwa (phantse i-20% yazo zonke izinto ezifunyenweyo), njengoko kwakukho i-734 yase-Algeria kunye ne-669 yaseMaliya. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli abangekho mgaqweni abafunyenwe kule ndlela ngo-2014 bebesuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo ase-Afrika ekwi-Sub-Sahara. Urhulumente waseSpain wabona malunga nama-250 amaSyria awela umda ngokungekho mthethweni ngoNovemba nangoDisemba ka-2014.
Imithombo: IYunivesithi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo - Iindlela zokuFuduka ezingaqhelekanga eziya eYurophu kunye nezinto eziphembelela uKhetho lweNdawo yokuFikela yabafuduki
Ifoto ngu Tetbirt Salim on Unsplash
Shiya iMpendulo