Inkqubo yemfundo eJamani

Ukufumana indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yemfundo eJamani kubalulekile ukuba ufuna ukufudukela eJamani kunye nabantwana. Eli nqaku liza kukunika isishwankathelo esikwinqanaba eliphezulu lesakhelo senkqubo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha eziluncedo, ezinjengonyaka wokufunda, isikali sohlelo, kunye neeholide.

Ukuqonda iziseko zenkqubo yemfundo yaseJamani kunokuba negalelo elikhulu ekuncedeni abazali benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ngemfundo yomntwana wabo.

Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya ngesi sihloko, abazali banokufuna izixhobo zemfundo ezibonelela ngokuqonda kwiinkalo zenkqubo yemfundo eJamani.

Uninzi lweewebhusayithi okanye usetyenziso oludityaniswe kweli nqaku lungesiJamani nesiNgesi. Sebenzisa Isiguquleli sikaGoogle, Tarjimly, okanye nayiphi na enye inkonzo yoguqulelo ukuba uyayifuna.

Injani inkqubo yemfundo eJamani

The I-BMBF iqhuba inkqubo yemfundo yaseJamani.

Ilizwe ngalinye leSizwe (iLänd) linoBuphathiswa balo bezeMfundo, obumisela inkqubo yalo yemfundo, izikolo kunye nemigangatho.

Imfundo yaseJamani ibandakanya:

Amabanga aphantsi,

Abaqalayo,

Isibini, kunye

Kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Bonke abantwana abaneminyaka emithandathu ukuya kweli-15 kufuneka bafunde kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi nakwisekondari ngokusisigxina. Isikolo saseJamani sihlala siphela nge-18.

IJamani inkqenkqeza phambili kwezemfundo. I 2018 OECD/PISA ukufunda kwabaneminyaka eli-15 ubudala kukwindawo ye-16 kwizibalo, ekufundeni nakwinzululwazi.

Uphononongo lwe-PISA lukwabonise ukuba abafundi baseJamani bahlala bonwabile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani okukhulu phakathi kwabantwana abaphezulu kunye nabaphantsi kakhulu.

Inkqubo yaseJamani yaseMbatha

Ivumelekile kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu:

Indawo yokugcina abantwana (Kinderkrippen).

Ngelixa abo baphakathi kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemithandathu bangabhalisa kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi (iKindergarten/Kita).

Ezi zinokucwangciswa kusasa, imini yonke, ubusuku neempelaveki kwiindawo ezithile.

Olu hlobo lokhathalelo lwabantwana lunokuba lwabucala, lusesidlangalaleni, okanye luqhutywe ecaweni eJamani.

Ezinye zisimahla, ngelixa ezinye zibiza imali. Ezi zinokutshintsha ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kwilizwe kwaye ngokubanzi zisekwe kwimali oyenzayo.

Ziyeyona ndlela igqwesileyo yabantwana abasafundayo ukudlala kwaye bafunde nabantwana baseJamani kwaye bafunde ulwimi nenkcubeko.

Abantwana abaneminyaka emihlanu banokubhalisa kwiiprogram zesikolo sabasaqalayo (Vorklassen) ukulungiselela isikolo samabanga aphantsi kwimimandla ethile.

Izikolo zamabanga aphantsi zaseJamani

EJamani, isikolo saseprayimari (i-Grundschule) sinyanzelekile kubantwana.

Ngokuqhelekileyo baqala iGrundschule kwikota yokwindla enyakeni bagqiba iminyaka emithandathu. Nangona kunjalo, amazwe ahlukeneyo aseJamani anokuba nemihla yokuyeka ukumisela iminyaka ethile yokuqala, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukujonga kunye nogunyaziwe wendawo yakho.

Imfundo yaseprayimari eJamani idla ngokuba namabanga amane okanye iminyaka (1–4), nangona iqhubeka kude kube ngunyaka wesi-6 kweminye imimandla.

Abantwana bafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi esikufutshane nekhaya labo.

Iinzame zenziwe ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezemfundo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuseyinyani into yokuba iindawo ezihlala abantu abazizityebi zihlala zibonelela ngamathuba angcono emfundo xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezinabantu abangathathi ntweni.

Imfundo enyanzelekileyo eJamani

Ngaba iJamani ithathela ingqalelo ntoni ngeMfundo eSinyanzelo?

Bonke abantwana baseJamani kufuneka baqale isikolo kwiminyaka emithandathu kwaye baqhubeke neGymnasium.

Emva kweminyaka elithoba okanye kwesinye isikolo semfundo kawonke-wonke emva kweminyaka elishumi yokufunda ngokusisigxina.

Abafundi basesekondari abaPhezulu kufuneka bathathe izifundo zethutyana ezishiywe ngasekhohlo ukuba abahambi iikhosi ezisisigxina kumaziko emfundo ngokubanzi okanye kumaziko emfundo yezandla. Nokuba baphumelele, oku kuyasebenza. “I-Berufsschule Berufsschulpflicht” yimfuneko yeminyaka emithathu.

Abanye abaselula abasilelayo ukuya kwimfundo noqeqesho olulolu hlobo banokunyanzeleka ukuba baye kwiiseshoni zesikolo soqeqesho olusisigxina.

Abantwana abakhubazekileyo kufuneka aye esikolweni naye. Abafundi baya kufunda kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo okanye esikhethekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabo ezizodwa zemfundo.

Abanye abaselula abasilelayo ukuya kwimfundo noqeqesho olulolu hlobo banokunyanzeleka ukuba baye kwiiseshoni zesikolo soqeqesho olusisigxina.

Inkqubo yeSikolo sasePrayimari saseJamani

Abantwana kufuneka baye eGrundschule (isikolo samabanga aphantsi) ukuqala:

Bafunda ngokwamaqela axubeneyo ukususela kwiminyaka emithandathu de bagqibe ibanga lesi-4 (okanye ibakala lesi-6 eBerlin naseBrandenburg).

EJamani, kukho iindlela ezimbini ukufundisa abantwana kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi.

Kulungiselelo lwasesikolweni :

Ngeveki yesikolo yeentsuku ezi-5, kukho iintsuku zoqeqesho ezili-188 ngonyaka.

Kwisikolo sabasaqalayo kunye iveki yesikolo yeentsuku ezintandathu kunye neeklasi ezimbini zangoMgqibelo nyanga nganye, kukho iintsuku ezingama-208 zoqeqesho ngonyaka.

Imfundo yaseSekondari eJamani

Imfundo yasesekondari yaseJamani yahlulwe ngokwe:

I-“Sekundarstufe I” kunye ne-“Sekundarstufe II” ilandela inqanaba lokuqala lemfundo.

Imfundo yamabanga aphantsi:

Yeyabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-10–16 abakumabanga 5–9.

Emva kwesikolo samabanga aphantsi:

Abaneminyaka eli-15-18 ubudala bangena kwimfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo ukuze balungiselele ikholeji okanye uqeqesho lomsebenzi.

Zeziphi iZikolo zaseSekondari eziseJamani

Njengesizwe somanyano, iJamani ibonelela ngeenketho zemfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo kumaziko karhulumente nawabucala.

Le ilandelayo yimizekelo yezikolo zasesekondari zikarhulumente zaseJamani:

1. "Ijimnaziyam": Ezi zikolo zibonelela ngemfundo ebanzi ngokubanzi kwaye zilungiselela abafundi kwizifundo zaseyunivesithi kunye nomsebenzi wesayensi. AmaBanga aqhelekileyo avela kwi-5-12 okanye i-5-13, ekhokelela kwi-"Allgemeine Hochschulreife" (Abitur).
2. "Hauptschule": Ezi zikolo zibonelela ngemfundo yamabanga aphantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisiqinisekiso sokufunda okanye sokungena eyunivesithi. Imfundo idla ngokuqala kwibanga lesi-5 ukuya kwele-9, maxa wambi kuquka nebanga le-10, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-“Hauptschulabschluss.”
3. "Realschule”:  Ezi zikolo zibonelela ngemiyalelo ethe kratya yokwamkeleka emsebenzini okanye eyunivesithi.

Izikolo zasesekondari zabucala zaseJamani zezi:

Izikolo ezizezinye:

Ukubonelela ngeekharityhulam ezithelekisekayo kwizikolo zikarhulumente zasesekondari.

Izikolo ezongezelelweyo:

Nangona izikolo zasesekondari zikarhulumente zifundisa ezinye izifundo.

Ziziphi iinjongo zemfundo yasesekondari yaseJamani

Imfundo yasesekondari yaseJamani ifezekisa oku kulandelayo:

1. Ukubandakanya abantwana ngokwengqondo, ngokweemvakalelo nasemzimbeni.
2. Ukufundisa inkululeko, ukwenza izigqibo, uxanduva lobuqu, lwentlalo, kunye nezopolitiko.
3. Ukuxhasa amabhongo abo emfundo.
4. Ukuphucula ubuchule babo.

Imfundo enomsila eJamani

Imfundo yaseJamani yasemva kwesekondari iyafumaneka kwabo bagqibe isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo eJamani okanye phesheya.

Ngubani owongamela iMfundo ePhakamileyo yaseJamani?

Phantsi koMthetho oyiSiseko, iiyunivesithi zinokulawula ngokuzimeleyo i-scholarship, uphando kunye nokufundisa.

La maziko kufuneka alandele Ubulungiseleli bukaLander kwiinkxalabo zemfundo kunye norhulumente.

Zeziphi iiDyunivesithi zaseJamani ezikhoyo

Ababoneleli bemfundo ephakamileyo baseJamani (amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo) babonelela ngezifundo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zemarike yabasebenzi yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe.

Amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo aseJamani ngala:

1. Iidyunivesithi kunye namaZiko aLinganayo.
2. Izikolo zobugcisa/iiyunivesithi.
3. "Pädagogische Hochschulen".
4. Iikholeji zezakwalizwi.
5. Fachhochschulen (IiDyunivesithi zeSayensi eziSetyenzisiweyo).
6. Izikolo zomculo nezobugcisa.
7. Iikholeji zomkhosi.
8. IiKholeji zeZifundo ezimbini “Berufsakademie” (BA).

Izidanga zezifundo kunye neNkqubo yokuHlenga eJamani

IJamani iphumeze inkqubo yoqinisekiso lwe-Bologna, ukulinganisa izifundo zesidanga kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Ngoku abafundi banokulandela oku kulandelayo:

Bachelors,

Master's okanye;

Izidanga zobuGqirha.

Imfuno yomthetho, imfundo, kunye namayeza Staatsexamen emva kokuphumelela.

Ezinye zeeyunivesithi zaseJamani zezi:

University University of Munich

LMU Munich

IYunivesithi yaseHeidelberg

Ukufumana okungakumbi, funda malunga ne Iidyunivesithi ezilungileyo kakhulu eJamani

Izenza njani iiyunivesithi zaseJamani

Inkqubo ye-Bologna yenza amanqaku e-bachelor's degrees. Abafundi bafumana iKlasi yokuQala, iSibini esiPhezulu, esiPhantsi seSibini, okanye isidanga seKlasi yesiThathu.

umthombo: I-Expatica

Umfanekiso weqweqwe elingasentla uthatyathwe IMunich, eJamani. Ifoto ngu UKumkani Howard on Unsplash