Kunjani ukuhlala eJamani

Ukuze uhlale eJamani, kukho izizathu ezininzi ezivakalayo zokwenza oko. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlanga, iJamani iyagqwesa kwiindawo ezininzi zokuhlala kakuhle. IJamani inolonwabo oluphezulu, ubudlelwane boluntu, kunye namanqanaba ezempilo xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe.

Ungalungela nantoni na ukuba uqwalasela imiba eyakhayo kunye nengalunganga kwangaphambili. Thatha umzuzwana ukujonga ukuba kunjani ukuhlala eJamani.

Bunjani ubomi

Zininzi izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele ukuba ufuna ukuhlala eJamani:

• indawo yokuhlala
•  Employment
•  yemozulu
•  Education
• Indlela eyiyo
•  ukhuseleko
•  Ukhathalelo lwempilo
•  Iindleko zokuphila

indawo yokuhlala

Ukuba uceba ukuhlala eJamani, kufuneka wazi apho uhlala khona. Izindlu zibonelela ngekhusi, kodwa zingaphezulu kweendonga ezine kunye nophahla. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukufikeleleka kwekhaya kuyinkxalabo.

Indawo yokuhlala idla ngokuba yeyona nkcitho yentsapho kumakhaya amaninzi, kuquka irente, igesi, umbane, amanzi, ifanitshala nokulungiswa kwayo. AmaJamani achitha i-20% yengeniso yawo ehlengahlengisiweyo kwizindlu.

Ukuxinana kungonakalisa impilo yabantwana, ubuhlobo kunye nokukhula. Izindlu ezixineneyo zihlala zibonisa amanzi amdaka kunye nogutyulo. Kwakhona, qwalasela iimeko zokuhlala njenge-avareji yenani lamagumbi okwabelwana ngawo ngomntu ngamnye kwaye ukuba amakhaya anezinto eziluncedo ezisisiseko.

Indlu eqhelekileyo yaseJamani inamagumbi ayi-1.8 ngomntu ngamnye, ukanti ama-99.9% anezindlu zangasese ezigungxulwayo ngaphakathi.

Funda ngokugqithisileyo: 

Uyifumana njani indlu eJamani

Urenta njani indlu eJamani

Indlela yokuthenga indlu eJamani

Employment

Ukuba nomsebenzi kuneengenelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

Ingeniso: Ibonelela ngomthombo wemali.

Ukubandakanywa ekuhlaleni: Yenza abantu bazive benxibelelene.

Ukumisela iinjongo: Ikuvumela ukuba ufezekise iinjongo zakho.

Ubuwena: Ikhuthaza ukuzixabisa.

Uphuhliso lwezakhono: Ikunceda ukuba ufunde kwaye uqhubele phambili.

Kuphela yi-77% yabantu abaneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kuma-64 abasebenzayo eJamani. Abantu abangaphangeliyo bafuna ukusebenza kwaye bafuna umsebenzi ngenkuthalo.

Ukungaqeshwa ixesha elide kunokukwenzakalisa impilo-ntle yakho, ukuzithemba kwakho, nobuchule bomsebenzi. EJamani, i-1.2% yabasebenzi bebengaphangeli isithuba esingaphezu konyaka.

Zimbini izinto ezimisela umgangatho womsebenzi: umvuzo kunye nokhuseleko.

Imivuzo: Umyinge waseJamani yi-USD 53,754 ngonyaka.

Ukhuseleko lomsebenzi: Ukhuseleko lwakho lomsebenzi luxhomekeke kwindlela onokuthi uphulukane nayo kwaye unokuhlala ixesha elingakanani ungenayo. Ukungaqeshwa eJamani kubiza abasebenzi i-1.4% yomvuzo wabo.

Khangela kwakhona: Ungawufumana njani umsebenzi eJamani.

yemozulu

IJamani inamaxesha amane, kodwa imozulu iyaguquguquka. Esi sizwe sinemozulu epholileyo nephakathi nemimoya efumileyo yasentshona. Ehlotyeni kuyatshisa, ubusika buqhaqhazelisa amazinyo, kwaye intwasahlobo nekwindla zinika eyona mozulu intle.

Education

Imfundo ibalulekile kwintlalontle yelizwe:

Ulwazi kunye nezakhono: Ixhobisa abantu ubomi nomsebenzi.

Mathuba a mathuba: Imfundo esemgangathweni iyawaphucula amathuba emisebenzi.

Iminyaka kwiMfundo: IsiJamani sivame ukufumana iminyaka eyi-18.2 yemfundo (ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-39 iminyaka).

Imiba yokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo njengoko iimarike zemisebenzi zifuna izakhono ezisekelwe kulwazi. EJamani, i-86% yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-25-64 bagqiba isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, amanani abaphumeleleyo awabonisi umgangatho wemfundo. I-PISA ivavanya ubuchule nolwazi. IJamani ifumene amanqaku angama-500 ekufundeni, kwizibalo nakwinzululwazi.

Iinkqubo zezikolo ezinkulu zibonelela ngemfundo esemgangathweni kubo bonke abafundi.

Indlela eyiyo

Uhlala eJamani? Qwalasela le miba yokusingqongileyo:

Imingcipheko yempilo ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya: EJamani, i-PM2.5 yi-12 μg / m3 (i-micrograms nge-cubic meter).

Amanzi: Amanzi acocekileyo abalulekile. I-91% yabemi baseJamani banelisekile ngomgangatho wabo wamanzi; ke, zilumkele ezi zinto zokusingqongileyo ezinokuchaphazela impilo yakho.

Ukhathalelo lwempilo

Kwabo bahlala eJamani, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba ixesha lokuphila liye linyuka ngenxa yeemeko zokuphila ezingcono, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye neenzame zempilo yoluntu.

Umyinge wobomi baseJamani yiminyaka engama-81. EJamani, i-66% yabantu bacinga ukuba basempilweni. Ukuzivavanya kunokwahluka ngokwesini, ubudala, ubume bentlalo noqoqosho, kunye neemfuno zokhathalelo lwempilo lwexesha elizayo.

Iindleko zokuphila

Iindleko zokuhlala eJamani zihluka kakhulu ngokweendawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe.

Ukuba uhlala eJamani njengosapho lwabane, i-avareji yeendleko zenyanga yi-3,162 yee-euro ngaphandle kwerenti. Kumntu omnye, i-avareji yeendleko zenyanga yi-927 euro ngaphandle kwerenti.

EBerlin, usapho lwabane luchitha malunga ne-3,327 yee-euro ngenyanga, ngelixa umntu ongatshatanga echitha malunga ne-998 ngenyanga (ngaphandle kwerenti).

ukhuseleko

Ukhuseleko lomntu lubalulekile kwintlalontle. Ngaba uziva ukhululekile ukuhamba wedwa ebusuku? EJamani, i-76% yayiziva ikhululekile ukuhamba yodwa ebusuku.

Izinga lokubulawa kwabantu (inani lokubulawa kwabantu kwi-100,000) libonisa ngcono ukhuseleko lwelizwe kunabasemagunyeni. Izinga lokubulala eJamani liyi-0.4.

umthombo: OECD

Ifoto ngu UViktor Bystrov on Unsplash.